学英语，一是记单词的意思，二是记用法，所谓记用法实际上就是这个词用在什么场合，或者是什么场合怎么表达，所以，多阅读多应用，是非常好的一种方法。会发现不知不觉得中以经会了。所以别着急，慢慢来。
英文词中，一些词根也是有代表意义的，组成新单词，用基本意思可以推出其新单词的意思，只是不那么明显，因为是用的音，而且揉杂了很多国家的单词，在中国人看来一个东西，它有许多词表达。以前一个同学同时学英语和法语，他说很简单，因为两个语言有很多交叉的。英法战争打了100多年，今天我占领你，明天你占领我，据说当时英国的贵族讲法语，法国的贵族讲英语，所以可以了解到，他们两种语言交情有多深了。
contrary
美[ˈkɑːntreri , kənˈtreri]
【用得比较多的是contrary,con(come together) tra(transformation,转变,拉丁语trans而来） ry（常用后缀，状态形态），所以后缀一般没有什么意思，主要是中间的词根tra=trans,转变，大家都来转变态度，就有180度的改变，本来支持的变反对，本来喜欢的变讨厌。
有人喜欢强调转变很大，360度转变，就有点好玩了，180度是几何当中出来的，如下图，本来是左边半边，经过180度的旋转，到了右边。所以这已经是最大的方向变化了，在二维空间中。如果是360度，那就转回去了，变成负负得正，与原来的一样了。所以数值不是越大越好，文字就是文化啊】
adj.与之相异的; 相对立的; 相反的; (在性质或方向上)截然不同的，完全相反的;
Contrary to what might be expected, the industry that will see the lest exchange is information technology.
与预期的相反（出乎意料），信息技术产业是改变最少的
n.相反的事实(或事情、情况);
On the contrary, I have a lot of time for you.
正相反，我有大把时间（或我很敬佩你,have a lot of time for sb./doing sth.有不同的意思，要看语境)
on the contrary用得比较多
adj. difficult to handle or work with,unreasonable, 固执的，犟的
She is far too contrary to make friends easily.她太固执了，以至于很难交到朋友。
【friend, fri(fry) end,说耶和华带领奴隶逃离埃及，就是因为过去奴隶就大太阳下劳作至死，所以我们是朋友，一起fry到时间尽头end, friend】
[其他]复数：contraries
contra
英 ['kɒntrə] 美 ['kɒntrə]
- prep. 与……相反
- adv. 正相反
- n. 相反事物；反对意见；【会计】对方账户，抵销账户
- pref. 表示“相反”，“反对”；【音】表示“低”、“下”
例：
contra debit 借方对销
contra credit 反信用
contra entry 抵销记录
会计上用的比较多。
【不知道大家有没有玩过魂斗罗的，就是下图中间那个电子游戏，一个人与众多敌人对着干，不过本单词用的并不多。从contrary简化而来，可以看到意思基本一样。
表示相反还有一个单词是reverse，你做的和我说的正好相反 you did the reverse of what I told you，以后再讲这个单词.】
A kid is playing contra.
contrast
美[ˈkɑːntræst , kənˈtræst]
【不要与trust(信任）相混淆，这个还是词根tra来的，】
n.明显的差异; 对比; 对照; 明显不同的人(或事物); (摄影或绘画中的)颜色反差，明暗对比; （电视屏幕的）图像明暗对比度，反差;
In contrast with your belief that we will fail, I know we will succeed.
你认为我们会失败，正相反，我知道我们定会成功。
such a contrast between brother and sister
兄妹之间的差别这么大
v.对比; 对照; (靠近或作比较时)显出明显的差异，形成对比;
Your actions contrast unfavorable with your principles.
你的行动与你的原则构成不利的对照。
[其他]第三人称单数：contrasts 复数：contrasts 现在分词：contrasting 过去式& 过去分词：contrasted
contravene
英 [ˌkɒntrə'viːn] 美 [ˌkɒntrə'viːn]
- v. 违反；相抵触；否定
【vene来自法语的 venir，come的意思，con（together) tra(trans转变） vene（come)，vene支持法律，与vene对着干contra就是违反法律】
to act in oppositionto ,break (a law,rule, custom, etc)
Your behavior contravened good manners.
你的行为违背文明礼貌【flash cards】
I love you, so you cann't contravene me.
On the contrary, I don't love you. Your actions contrast with your words. I don't think you love me.
【reading】
Suppressing a small yawn.
压制住一个小小的哈欠
Cleon said."Demerzel, have you by any chance ever heard of a man named Hari Seldon?"
Cleon说：Demerzel,你听说过一个叫Hari Seldon的吗？
Cleon had been Emperor for just over ten years
Cleon当皇帝刚好十年了
and there were times at state occasions when,
并且有些时候 在 国事场合
dressed in the necessary robes and regalia,
穿着正式的礼袍和服饰
he could manage to look stately.
他会表现出仪态高贵
He did so,
他这样做
for instance,
例如 for particular example or case of sth.
in the holograph of himself that stood in the niche in the wall behind him.
在他全息照片里，他站在墙边壁龛处
it was placed so that it clearly dominated the other niches holding the holographs of several of his ancestors.
它被放在能够明显的在其他几位先祖的全息图片中占据主导位置。
The holograph was not a totally honest one,
这张全息照片并不是一张完全的真实的，
for though Cleon's hair was light brown in bologram and reality alike,
虽然Cleon的头发在阳光照射下是亮棕色而且事实也像是的，
it was a bit thicker in the holograph.
但是它更浓密一点在照片里。
a business man with a holograph
There was a certain asymmetry to his real face,
他的脸明显不对称
for the left side of his upper lip raised itself a bit higher than the right side,
左边的嘴唇比右边的要高一点
and this was somehow not evident in the holograph.
而这个在照片里看不出来
And if he had stood up and placed himself beside the holograph,
而且当他站到全息照片旁边
he would have been seen to be 2 centimerters under the 1.83-meter height that the image protrayed-and perhaps a bit stouter.
他会比照片上描绘的1.83米要矮上2厘米，而且也粗壮一点
Of course, the holograph was the official coronation portrait
当然，这个全息照片是官方加冕典礼时的肖像
and he had been younger then.
他那时也年轻一些
He still looked young and rather handsome, too,
他现在看上去也很年轻和相当英俊
and when he was not in the pitiless prip of official ceremony,
当他不是图像处理出官方典礼的冷酷的样子时
there was a kind of vague good nature about his face.
在他脸上还会有一种模糊的善良的本质表现出来
Demerzel said with the tone of respect that he carefully cultivated,"Hari Seldon?It is an unfamiliar name to me, Sire.Ought I to know him?"
Demerzel小心翼翼地文雅地，用敬语回答道，“Hari Seldon？听上去很陌生，陛下，我应该知道他吗？
unfamiliar【family家庭，familiar熟悉的，常客，unfamiliar不熟悉的】
"The Minister of Science mentioned him to me last night. I thought you might."
昨天科技部部长提到过他，我以为你知道
Demerzel frowned slightly,
Demerzel轻轻皱眉
but only very slightly,
但是非常轻微
for one does not frown in the Imperial presence.
对于一个在帝国文化中不可能皱眉的人来说
"The Minister of Science, Sire, should have spoken of this man to me as Chief of Staff. If you are to be bombarded from every side-"
科学部部长，陛下，他应该先给我说，我是总参谋长。如果你准备从任何方面了解
bombard v.炮轰，大量提问，连珠炮式提问【bomb n.炸弹，核武器，v.轰炸，bomb啊的，轰炸哑他】
Cleon raised his hand and Demerzel stopped at once.
Cleon抬手，Demerzel立刻不说话了
“Please,Demerzel, one can't stand on formality at all times.
Demerzel,人不能总是例行公事
formality n.例行公事，formal a.正式场合的，正规的
When I passed the Misiter at last night's reception and exchanged a few words with him,
我昨晚经过部长的接待处并和他交谈了几句
he bubbled over.
他很兴奋地聊起来
bubble冒泡
I could not refuse to listen and I was glad I had, for it was interesting. ”
我不能拒绝只好听了，而且我很高兴我听了，那件事很有意思
“In what way interesting, Sire”
怎么有趣，陛下
“Well, these are not the old days when science and mathematics were all the rage.
all the rage 十分流行，成为时尚
这不是以前科学和数学系流行的
That sort of thing seems to have died down somehow,
那一类的事情像是静寂了下来，不知为什么
perhaps because all the discoveries have been made,
也许因为所有的发现已经完成了
don't you think?
你认为呢
Apparently, however, interesting things can still happen.
显然，无论如何，有趣的事情还是会发生
At least I was told it was interesting”
至少，我听说它很有趣
"By the Minister of Sciecence，Sire"
科学部长吗？陛下
“Yes. He said that this Hari Seldon had attended a convention of mathematicians held in Trantor,
是的。他说这个Hari Seldon参加一个Trantor会议时
they do this every ten years, for some reason,
由于某些原因，他们每十年就会举办一次，
and he said that he had proved that one could foretell the future mathematically. "
他说他已经证明未来可以预言，从数学上。